Aluminum Bromide
Aluminum bromide is a product of the reaction of aluminum and bromine combined in a 1 to 3 ratio to produce a neutral compound. In its solid state, it is colorless crystals that quickly absorb water causing old samples to be highly hydrated. As a liquid, it is a very corrosive yellow that is damaging to the skin, eyes, and mouth. It has a molecular weight of 266.69 g/mol
The main characteristic of aluminum bromide is its ability to absorb water, alcohol, carbon sulfide and acetone. When placed in water, heat is produced from the reaction as well as a cloud of fumes, which are harmful to the eyes and lungs. The mixing of aluminum bromide with chlorine produces aluminum chloride and bromine.
The common name for aluminum bromide is aluminum tribromide according to the IUPAC.
Tribromoalumane is represented by the chemical formula AIBr3. Its dimeric, a molecule made of two similar molecules, form is AI2Br6.
Uses
Aluminum bromide has very little commercial use but does electroplate aluminum to steel producing a smooth, thick, adherent, and shiny finish. The benefits of the process is the formation of a thick dense surface on the steel that is corrosion resistant. Using aluminum bromide to do electroplating has been found to be better than using aluminum chloride, because it forms a stronger bond with the steel. It can be used on ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which broadens its range of applications. The water-less version is used in organic synthesis in the Friedel-Crafts acylation, a catalyst in a molecule transforming reaction. Used with chloroform, aluminum bromide serves as a bromate agent.
Chemical Formula
The chemical formula for aluminum bromide is AIBr3.
Aluminum bromide has one aluminum ion combined with three bromide ions. It is made by pouring powdered aluminum into a container of liquid bromine. The reaction can be reversed by significantly increasing the temperature of the solution. Aluminum bromide reacts quickly with alcohol and carboxylic acids but not as violently as it does with water. During the aluminum bromide synthesis, a tremendous amount of heat and energy is released from the reaction to the enthalpy.
Safety Concerns
Aluminum bromide is a highly corrosive and toxic substance that will burn the skin and do permanent damage to the eyes. Breathing in aluminum bromide irritates the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing and shortness of breath. It appears on the hazardous substance list of the ACGIH, DOT, and NIOSH and should be identified with an appropriate label. Use of aluminum bromide should be restricted to a chemical fume hood given its volatile nature.
Aluminum Bromide Formula
Aluminum Bromide formula, also known as Cupric chloride formula or Aluminium tribromide formula is explained in this article. The most common form of aluminium bromide is Aluminium tribromide. It is a colourless, hygroscopic solid, and sublimable. The molecular or chemical formula of Aluminum Bromide is AlBr3.
In its anhydrous form, it appears as a white to a yellowish-red compound which is lumpy solid and has a pungent odour. In its aqueous form, it appears as a liquid. It is very corrosive to eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. It is widely used to make various chemicals. It acts as a sol in many organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, simple hydrocarbons, nitrobenzene, and xylene.
Aluminum Bromide Formula Structure
Properties Of Aluminum Bromide
| Chemical formula | AlBr3 |
| Molecular weight | 266.694 g/mol (anhydrous) 374.785 g/mol (hexahydrate) |
| Density | 3.2 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.54 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) |
| Boiling point | 255 °C (anhydrous) |
| Melting point | 97.5 °C (anhydrous) 93 °C (hexahydrate) |
Safety Measures
- Aluminum Tri Bromide is a highly reactive material.
What is Aluminium Bromide?
Aluminium bromide is a white crystalline compound that melts into a colourless liquid. Furthermore, aluminium bromide happens to be a hygroscopic compound. The dimeric compound form mostly exists in the solid phase. Experts use this compound as a catalyst for the reaction of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.
Furthermore, it belongs to a class of inorganic compounds, which experts call as post-transition metal bromides. Moreover, the largest halogen atom here is the Bromine. Aluminium bromide has whitish to yellow-red colour. Aluminium bromide is more whitish in colour when it is in a chemically pure state.
Derivation of Aluminium Bromide Formula
The formula of aluminium bromide happens to be AlBr3. Aluminium bromide has the characteristics of an ionic compound. Furthermore, an ionic compound is the one where there is a sticking together of charged ions. This is because of the electrostatic reaction. Moreover, the metal atom is a positively charged ion as it gives up electrons.
In contrast, the non-metal atom happens to be negatively charged as it gains electrons. Above all, in the case of aluminium bromide, all aluminium atoms give up three electrons while each bromine atom takes one electron. So, the representation of the aluminium ion is Al^{+3} and that of the bromide ion is Br−1.
One requirement for ionic compounds is that they have to be electrically neutral. Furthermore, there are ions charges that have to cancel out each other. Therefore, one requires multiple ions of each so as to make the compound neutral. Most noteworthy, when we talk about aluminium bromide, one requires one aluminium ion and three ions of bromide,
Al+3 + 3Br−1→AlBr3
Hence, AlBr3 is the aluminium bromide formula.
Physical Properties of Aluminium Bromide
Aluminium bromide is anhydrous in nature. Furthermore, this compound appears as a white to yellowish-red lumpy solid. Moreover, aluminium bromide has a really strong odour. Aluminium bromide solution has the appearance of a light-coloured liquid. Also, this compound is extremely corrosive to the skin and eyes. The boiling point of this compound is 255 °C, while the melting point is 97.5 °C.
Aluminium bromide due to its nature is soluble in many organic solvents. Furthermore, these solvents include nitrobenzene, toluene, xylene, benzene, and simple hydrocarbons. Also, aluminium bromide fumes strongly in the air. The compound is less sensitive to oxidation in comparison to trialkylaminums. Moreover, one can heat this compound to the point of decomposition. When aluminium bromide decomposes, it emits toxic fumes of hydrogen bromide.
Chemical Properties of Aluminium Bromide
The most common form of aluminium bromide happens to be Al2Br6. Al2Br6 can dissociate to give strong Lewis acid, AlBr3. Furthermore, there is a tendency of Al2Br6 to dimerize. Regarding this particular tendency, it is common for heavier main group halides to exist as large aggregates. These aggregates are larger than what is implied by the empirical formulae. Also, this tendency is not shown by lighter main group halides like the boron tribromide, which is because of the central atom’s smaller size.
In accordance with the characteristics of lewis acid, water hydrolyzes Al2Br6. Furthermore, this hydrolyzation by water takes place with HBr evolution and the formation of the Al-OH-Br species. Also, it reacts with alcohols and carboxylic acids quickly.
Above all, this reaction is less vigorous compared to water. When we talk about simple Lewis bases, Al2Br6 forms adducts. Moreover, aluminium tribromide’s reaction with carbon tetrachloride at a temperature of 100 °C results in the formation of carbon tetrabromide.
Solved Question For Aluminium Bromide Formula
Question- What is aluminium bromide and its formula?
Answer- Aluminium bromide refers to a chemical compound whose most common form is aluminium tribromide. Moreover, it is a highly water-soluble crystalline Aluminium. Also, the formula of aluminium bromide happens to be AlBr3.
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