IELTS Reading topic Science

Language Development

Vocabulary

Mọi người cùng thử tra trên từ điển Cambridge hoặc Oxford để tìm ra nghĩa của từ, nhớ lâu cách dùng hơn nhé.

English	Phonetic	Vietnamese
Obesity (n)	/əʊˈbiːsəti/
Excess (n)	/ɪkˈses/
Accumulate (v)	/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/
Adverse (adj)	/ˈædvɜːrs/
Life expectancy (n)	/ˈlaɪf ɪkspektənsi/
Primarily (adv)	/praɪˈmerəli/
Gene (n)	/dʒiːn/
Disorder (n)	/dɪsˈɔːrdər/
Expenditure (n)	/ɪkˈspendɪtʃər/

Exercise 1. Write the words above next to their meanings

1.…………………………..	a.a unit inside a cell that controls a particular quality in a living thing that has been passed on from its parents
2.…………………………..	b. an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly
3. …………………………..	c. the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent
4…………………………..	d. mainly
5.…………………………..	e. negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result
6…………………………..	f. accumulate something to gradually get more and more of something over a period of time
7…………………………..	g. more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
8…………………………..	h. the quality or fact of being very fat, in a way that is not healthy
9…………………………..	i. the number of years that a person is likely to live; the length of time that something is likely to exist or continue for

Exercise 2. Fill in the blank with suitable words

1………………………….. can increase the risk of heart disease.

2. The budget provided for a total …………………………. of £27 billion.

3. Lack of money will have an …………………………. effect on our research programme.

4………………………….. for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.

5. Consumption of fatty acids may help prevent the ………………………….

6. Children gradually …………………………. knowledge as they grow up.

7. In the 1790s Britain was still …………………………. an agricultural country

8. The …………………………. is passed on to their children

9. Although the donations were in …………………………… of one million dollars, few reached the homeless who the money was intended to help.

Grammar

Passive voice

Cấu trúc câu chủ động: S + V + O

Cấu trúc câu bị động: S + be + V3

Cấu trúc câu bị động ở dạng thì nào thì chia tobe theo thì.

Nếu câu có động từ và hai tân ngữ thì muốn nhấn mạnh tân ngữ thì thường sẽ dùng tân ngữ đó chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động. Trong trường hợp chung, tân ngữ được chọn là tân ngữ gián tiếp.

Example. I gave him a book = I gave a book to him = He was given a book (by me).

Exercise 3. Change these sentences into passive voice.

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

Exercise 4. Change these questions into passive voice.

1. When will you do the work?

2. How are you going to deal with this problem?

3. How do you spend this amount of money?

4. I wonder whether the board of directors will choose Susan or Jane for the position.

5. How did the police find the lost man?

Exam Focus

Short answer questions

Hướng dẫn làm dạng bài Short Answer Questions

– Câu trả lời sẽ xuất hiện theo đúng trật tự bài đọc;

– Đọc câu hỏi trước, sau đó bắt đầu đọc đoạn văn. Hiểu rõ ý của câu hỏi;

– Lưu ý chỉ dẫn ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.’

– Lưu ý rằng, câu trả lời không nhất thiết phải đúng ngữ pháp. Miễn là đúng ý câu hỏi là được;

– Không trả lời bằng ý kiến cá nhân, lấy thông tin từ bài đọc;

– Từ Keywords trong câu hỏi thường là Nouns (danh từ) hoặc Noun phrases (cụm danh từ);

– Khi tìm được keywords, luôn tư duy sang từ đồng nghĩa – synonyms và paraphrases.

Chiến thuật làm bài

–  Đọc kĩ hướng dẫn và note lại giới hạn từ vựng cần trả lời;

– Đọc hiểu câu hỏi;

– Gạch chân keywords trong câu hỏi;

– Tư duy sang từ đồng nghĩa -synonyms và paraphrases cho những keywords đó;

– Tìm đáp án (phần của đoạn văn chứa thông tin trả lời);

–  Đọc lại câu hỏi;

– Đọc đoạn văn chưa câu trả lời 1 lần nữa để chắc chắn đáp án đúng;

– Tiếp tục đọc và trả lời câu hỏi tiếp theo;

Đáp án:

Language Development. Exercise 1

1	Gene	6	Accumulate
2	Disorder	7	Excess
3	Expenditure	8	Obesity
4	Primarily	9	Life expectancy
5	Adverse

Language Development. Exercise 2

1	obesity	6	accumulate
2	expenditure	7	primarily
3	adverse	8	gene
4	life expectancy	9	excess
5	disorder

Language Development. Exercise 3

1	This dish is brought to me (by the waiter).
2	These postcards are sent to us (by our friend).
3	This story was told to them (by their grandmother) when they visited her last week.
4	This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother.
5	The special cameras weren’t showed to me.
6	Her ticket was showed to the airline agent (by her).
7	This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.
8	A new apartment is going to be bought next year.
9	The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.
10	Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family by you?

Language Development. Exercise 4

1	When will the work be done?
2	How is this problem going to be dealt?
3	How is this amount of money spent?
4	I wonder whether Susan or Jane will be chosen by the board of directors for the position.
5	How was the lost man found by the police?

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