Mục Lục
Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn chi tiết và chính xác nhất
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA VỀ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Present perfect continuous) là một thì trong tiếng Anh hiện đại. Được sử dụng để chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có thể vẫn còn tiếp diễn trong tương lai. Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để nói về sự việc đã kết thúc nhưng chúng ta vẫn còn thấy ảnh hưởng.
Công thức thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
| Dạng câu | Công thức |
| Khẳng định (+) | S + have/has + been + V-ing |
| Phủ định (-) | S + have/has + not + been + V-ing |
| Nghi vấn (?) | Have/Has + S + been + V-ing ? |
Trong đó:
- S (subject): Chủ ngữ
- Have/Has: Trợ động từ
- Been: Phân từ II của “to be” (động từ to be)
- V-ing: Động từ thêm đuôi “ing”
*Chú ý:
- Chủ ngữ là I/We/You/They ta sử dụng “have“.
- Chủ ngữ là He/She/It ta sử dụng “has“.
II. CẤU TRÚC VỀ THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
1. Khẳng định:
– Cấu Trúc:
S + have/ has + been + V-ing
– Trong đó:
- S (subject): chủ ngữ
- Have/ has: trợ động từ
- Been: Phân từ II của “to be”
- V-ing: Động từ thêm “-ing”
– Lưu ý
- S = I/ We/ You/ They + have
- S = He/ She/ It + has
– Eg:
- It has been raining for three days. (Trời mưa 3 ngày rồi.)
- They have been working for this company for 7 years. (Họ làm việc cho công ty này 7 năm rồi.)
2. Phủ định:
– Cấu trúc:
S + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + V-ing
=> Câu phủ định ta chỉ cần thêm “not” ngay sau trợ động từ “have/ has”.
– Lưu ý:
- haven’t = have not
- hasn’t = has not
– Eg:
- I haven’t been studying English for 4 years. (Tôi không học tiếng Anh được 4 năm rồi.)
- She hasn’t been watching films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm ngoái.)
3. Câu hỏi:
– Cấu Trúc
Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ?
– Trả lời:
| Yes, I/ we/ you/ they + have | Yes, he/ she / it + has. |
| No, I/ we/ you/ they + haven’t | No, he/ she/ it + hasn’t |
=> Câu hỏi ta chỉ cần đảo trợ động từ “have/has” lên trước chủ ngữ”.
– Eg:
- Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2 hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải không?)
- Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
- Has he been typing the report since this morning? (Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?)
Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.
| Câu khẳng định | Câu phủ định | Câu nghi vấn |
| S + have/ has + been + V-ingCHÚ Ý:S = I/ We/ You/ They + haveS = He/ She/ It + hasVí dụ:It has been raining for 1 week. (Trời mưa 1 tuần rồi.)She has been living here for one year. (Cô ấy sống ở đây được một năm rồi.) | S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ingCHÚ Ý:haven’t = have nothasn’t = has notVí dụ:I haven’t been studying English for 5 years. (Tôi không học tiếng Anh được 5 năm rồi.)She hasn’t been watching films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm ngoái.) | Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ?CHÚ Ý:Yes, I/ we/ you/ they + have. -Yes, he/ she/ it + has.Ví dụ:Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2 hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải không?)Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.Has he been typingthe report since this morning? (Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?)Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t. |
III. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
1. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ diễn ra liên tục và kéo dài đến hiện tại (Nhấn mạnh tính “liên tục” của hành động)
– Eg:
- I have been typing this letter for 3 hours. (Tôi đã đánh máy bức thư này được 3 tiếng đồng hồ rồi.)
=> Ta hiểu là việc đánh máy đã bắt đầu cách đây 3 tiếng và liên tục diễn ra kéo dài cho tới bây giờ và vẫn chưa kết thúc.
2. Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, vừa mới kết thúc nhưng kết quả của hành động vẫn có thể nhìn thấy được ở hiện tại.
– Eg:
- I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 8 hours. (Bây giờ tôi rất mệt vì tôi đã làm việc vất vả trong 8 tiếng đồng hồ.)
=> Ta thấy việc “làm việc vất vả 8h đồng hồ” vừa mới kết thúc nhưng kết quả của nó thì vẫn có thể thấy được ở hiện tại (đang rất mệt.)
IV. DẤU HIỆU ĐỂ NHẬN BIẾT THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
– Since + mốc thời gian
– Eg:
- She has been working since the early morning. (Cô ấy làm việc từ sáng sớm.)
– For + khoảng thời gian
– Eg:
- They have been listening to the radio for 3 hours. (Họ nghe đài được 3 tiếng đồng hồ rồi.)
– All + thời gian (all the morning, all the afternoon, all day, …)
– Eg:
- They have been working in the field all the morning. (Họ làm việc ngoài đồng cả buổi sáng.)
Từ nhận biết gồm: All day, all week, since, for, for long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far, at the moment.
Phân biệt thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. Dạng thức Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
| HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH | HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN |
| 1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một hành động Ex: I have read this book three times 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: – I have studied English since I was 6 years old – He has played squash for 4 years – I have been to London twice – I have never seen her before – She has just finished her project – She has already had breakfast – He has not met her recently 3. Signal Words: Ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for | 1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: – I have been running all afternoon – She has been hoping to meet him all day long – I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all morning. – How long have you been playing the piano? – She has been teaching here for about 12 years 3. Signal Words: All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long… |
2. Chức năng và cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
| HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH | HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN |
| 1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một hành động Ex: I have read this book three times 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: – I have studied English since I was 6 years old – He has played squash for 4 years – I have been to London twice – I have never seen her before – She has just finished her project – She has already had breakfast – He has not met her recently 3. Signal Words: Ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for | 1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: – I have been running all afternoon – She has been hoping to meet him all day long – I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all morning. – How long have you been playing the piano? – She has been teaching here for about 12 years 3. Signal Words: All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long… |
Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. She (work) ____ here for five years.
2. I (study) ____ all day.
3. You (eat) ____ a lot recently.
4. We (live) ____ in London for six months.
5. He (play) ____ football, so he’s tired.
6. They (learn) ____English for two years.
7. (Cook) ____ so I’m really hot.
8. She (go) ____ to the cinema every weekend for years.
9. It (rain) ____ the pavement is wet.
10. You (sleep) ____ for twelve hour.
11. I (not/work) ____ today.
12. You(not/eat) ____ well recently.
13. We (not/exercise) ____ enough.
14. She ____ (not/study).
15. They (not/live) ____ here for very long.
16. It (not/snow) ____.
17. He (not/play) ____ football for five years.
18. We (not/drink) ____ enough water, that’s why we feel tired.
19. I (not/sleep) ____ I was reading.
20. They (not/watch) ____ TV much recently.
Bài 2: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. He (work) ____ in this company since 1985.
2. I (wait) ____ for you since two o’clock.
3. Mary (live) ____ in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play) ____ tennis for five hours.
5. How long (learn/you) ____ English?
6. We (look for) ____ the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I (like) ____ without electricity for two weeks.
8. The film (run/not) ____ for ten minutes yet, but there’s a commercial break already.
9. How long (work/she) ____ in the garden?
10. She (not/be) ____ in the garden for more than an hour.
Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. It has _____ snowing a lot this week.
2. _____ your brother and sister been getting along?
3. Rick _____ been studying hard this semester.
4. I’m tired because I _____ been working out.
5. Julie ________ living in Italy since May.
6. Did you know he’s been teaching German _____ fifteen years?
7. We have been watching TV _____ we had dinner.
8. He has ________ too hard today.
9. Has it _____ raining since you arrived?
10. My brother has been travelling _____ two months.
Bài 4: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. I’m bored. It (rain) ____ for hours so I can’t go out.
2. (You/use) ____ my computer again?score
3. My neighbour’s children (argue) ____ all morning.score
4. You (not study) ____ for the maths exam.score
5. Mel looks really tired. (she/work) ____ all night?score
6. The kitchen’s a mess because we (make) ____ a birthday cake for Dad.
7. I (read) ____ an interesting book about the history of computers.
8. Jim (not do) ____ his homework. He’s been texting his friends.
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1. has been working
2. have been studying
3. have been eating
4. have been living
5. has been playing
6. have been learning
7. have been cooking
8. has been going
9. has been raining
10. have been sleeping
11. haven’t been working
12. haven’t been eating
13. haven’t been exercising
14. hasn’t been studying
15. haven’t been living
16. hasn’t been snowing
17. hasn’t been playing
18. haven’t been drinking
19. haven’t been sleeping
20. haven’t been watching
Bài 2:
1. has been working
2. have been waiting
3. has been living
4. has been playing
5. have you been learning
6. have been looking for
7. have been living
8. has not been running
9. has she been working
10. has not been
Bài 3:
1. been
2. Have
3. has
4. have
5. has been
6. for
7. since
8. been working
9. been
10. for
Bài 4:
1. has been raining
2. Have you been using
3. have beem arguing
4. haven’t been studying
5. Has she been working
6. have been making
7. have been reding
8. hasn’t been doing
Bài 1 – Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
- She isn’t drinking (not drink) beer; it’s only tea.
- My aunt __________________ (buy) some food at the supermarket.
- Luke __________________ (not study) English at the school. He’s at home with his friends.
- __________________ (she, run) down the street?
- My dog __________________ (eat) now.
- What __________________ (you, wait) for?
- Her students __________________ (not try) hard enough in the exam.
- All of Andy’s friends __________________ (have) fun at the party right now.
- My neighbours __________________ (travel) around England now.
- The little girl __________________ (drink) milktea.
- Listen! Our manager __________________ (speak).
Bài 2 – Khoanh tròn vào đáp án đúng.
- Harry often ______ books from the library.
- borrows B. is borrowing C. are borrowing
- My grandfather ______ collecting stamps.
- is loving B. are loving C. loves
- She ______ her friends at a bar right now.
- waiting B. is waiting C. waits
- Nguyen Nhat Anh is a writer. He ______ a short story about a dragon.
- is writing B. writes C. are writing
- I never ______ home late.
- come B. is coming C. am coming
- My boss ______ high heels to work.
- doesn’t wear B. aren’t wearing C. don’t wear
- She usually ______ much.
- doesn’t talk B. don’t talk C. isn’t talking
- This spaghetti ______ awful.
- tastes B. is tasting C. taste
- I ______ he is a good man.
- thinks B. think C. am thinking
- As the ceremony ______ at 7∶30 a.m., we have to be there early.
- is starting B. start C. starts
- Kate ______ a cup of coffee every morning.
- is drinking B. drinks C. drink
Bài 1: Đọc các tình huống và hoàn thành các câu cho đúng. Sử dụng các động từ trong ngoặc.
1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.
- He has been reading for two hours. (read)
- He has read 53 pages so far. (read)
2. Rachel is from Australia. She is traveling around Europe at the moment. She began her trip three months ago.
- She ………………………………………………………….. for three months. (travel)
- ………………………………………………………………… six countries so far. (visit)
3. Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he won the national championship again- for the fourth time.
- ………………………………………………. the national championship four times. (win)
- ………………………………………………………………….. since he was ten. (play)
4 When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
- They ……………………………………………………..films since they left college. (make)
- ……………………………………………………… five films since they left college. (make)
Bài 2: Xây dựng câu sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễm dựa vào các từ gợi ý cho sẵn.
1. Mary/ have/ lunch/ her/ friends/ a/ restaurant.
2. They/ ask/ a/ man/ about/ the/ way/ the/ railway/ station.
3. My/ student/ draw/ a/ beautiful/ picture .
4. My/ father/ water/ some plants/ the/ garden.
5. My/ mother/ clean/ floor/.
ĐÁP ÁN:
Bài 1:
2. She’s been traveling I She has been traveling
She’s visited? She has visited
3. He’s won? He has won …
He’s ? He has been playing tennis
4. They’ve ? They have been making (films … )
They’ve ? They have made (five films … )
Bài 2:
1.My father is watering some plants in the garden. (Bố của tôi đang tưới cây ở trong vườn.)
2.My mother is cleaning the floor. (Mẹ của tôi đang lau nhà.)
3. Mary is having lunch with her friends in a restaurant. (Mary đang ăn trưa với bạn trong một quán ăn.)
4.They are asking a man about the way to the railway station. (Họ đang hỏi một người đàn ông về đường đi tới nhà ga.)
5.My student is drawing a beautiful picture. (Học trò của tôi đang vẽ một bức tranh rất đẹp.)
Bài 1: Hãy chọn dạng đúng của động từ có trong ngoặc.
1. He ________ (sleep) for hours now because he didn’t get enough sleep last night.
2. When she arrived, her family ________ (have) dinner.
3. Where are you now? He ______ (wait) for you for so long.
4. My father ________ (still/do) the gardening since I came home. Meanwhile, my brother ______ (do) his homework.
5. Her mother ________ (go) shopping since she went out with her friends.
6. We would like to eat something because we ________ (not eat) for the whole day.
7. It ______ (rain) for the whole morning, so she doesn’t want to go out.
8. John Wick _____ (watch) his favorite film since I came.
Bài 2: Hoàn tất các câu sau dựa vào những từ gợi ý cho sẵn.
1. We/not/want/go/because/be/play/football
2. Chingun/be/sleep/hours//so/house/quiet.
3. He/drink/alcohol/since/we/see/
4. I/do/work/whole/day//now/be/tired.
5. She/not/see/parents/so long/because/she/busy.
Bài 3:
1. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 10 minutes.
We ….. for 10 minutes.
2. I’m learning English. I started classes in October.
I ….. since October.
3. Hai is working in London. He started working there on 20 July.
……. since 20 July.
4. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago.
……. for years.
Bài 4:
1. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
You ask: (you/wait/long) ………..
2. You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are dirty.
You ask: (what/to/do?) ………..
3. A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long.
You ask: (how long/you/work/there?)
4. A friend tells you about his job – he sells computers. You want to know how long
You ask: (how long/you/sell/computers?) ………..
Đáp án
Bài 1: has been sleeping/ were having/ has been waiting/ has still been doing/has been doing/has been going/ haven’t been eating/ has been raining/ has been watching
Bài 2:
1. We don’t want to go out because We have been playing football.
2. Chingun has been sleeping for hours, so the house is very quiet.
3. He has been drinking alcohol since we saw him.
4. I have been doing my homework for the whole day, so now I am tired.
5. She has not been seeing her parents for so long because she is extremely busy.
Bài 3:
1. have been waiting
2. have been learning English
3. he has been working there
4. they’ve been going there
Bài 4:
2. Have you been waiting long?
3. What have you been doing?
4. How long have you been working there?
5. How long have you been selling computers?
Bài 1:
Write a question for each situation.
1. You meet Paul as he is leaving the swimming pool.
You ask: (you/ swim?) Have you been swimming?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
You ask: (you/ wait/ long) ………..
3 You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are dirty.
You ask: (what/ to/ do?) ………..
4. A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long.
You ask: (how long/ you/ work/ there?)
5. A friend tells you about his job – he sells computers. You want to knowhow long.
You ask: (how long/ you/ sell/ computers?) ………..
Đáp án
2. Have you been waiting long?
3. What have you been doing?
4. How long have you been working there?
5. How long have you been selling computers?
Bài 2:
Read the situations and complete the sentences.
1. It’s raining.The rain started two hours ago. It‘s been raining for two hours.
2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We ….. for 20 minutes.
3. I’m learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I ….. since December.
4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. ……. since 18 January.
5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started goingthere years ago. ……. for years.
Đáp án
2. have been waiting
3. have been learning Spanish
4. she has been working there
5. they’ve been going there
Bài 3:
Put the verb into the present continuous. (I am –ing) or presentperfect continuous (I have been –ing)
1. Maria has been learning (Maria/ learn) English for two years.
2. Hello, Tom ….. (I/ look) for you. Where have you been?
3. Why ….. (you/ look) at me like that? Stop it!
4. Linda is a teacher ….. (she/ teach) for ten years.
5. …… (I/ think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
6. ‘Is Paul on holiday this week?’ ‘No, ….. ‘(he/ work?)
7. Sarah is very tired ….. (she/ work) very hard recently.
Đáp án
2. I’ve been looking
3. are you looking
4. she has been teaching
5. I’ve been thinking
6. he’s working
7. she’s been working
Bài 1: Chia các động từ sau đây sang thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
- I (try) to learn English for years.
- I (wait) for two hours, but she (not come ) yet.
- She (read) all the works of Dickens. How many have you (read)?
- I (wait) hear nearly half an hour for my girlfriend Joana; Do you think she (forget) to come?
- Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (be) ill.
- Although john (study) at the university for five years he (not get) his degree yet.
- Jack (go) to Switzerland for a holiday; I never (be) there.
- We (live) for the last five months, and just ( decide) to move.
- You already (drink) 3 cups of tea since I (sit) here.
- That book (lie) on the table for weeks. You (not read) it yet?
Đáp án:
- have been trying/ have not succeeded
- have been waiting / hasn’t come
- has read /have you read
- have been waiting / has forgot
- has been resting / has been
- has been studying / has not got
- has gone / has never been
- have been living / have just decided
- have already drunk / have been sitting.
- has been lying / haven’t you read
Để lại một phản hồi